Question
According to this mi yodeya answer, the chatam sofer zt’’l ruled jews can be kicked out of am yisrael. is this an accurate representation, if so what sugyah is the chatam sofer basing it on? does it not contradict the talmud/gemara in sanhedrin?

Question
According to Halacha, a minyan requires some people who didn’t hear kriyat Torah in it in order to fulfill the mitzvah of kriyat Torah. Assuming there’s a kosher minyan (ten adult Jewish males), who don’t have enough who haven’t heard it (been to previous shacharit services) can women who haven’t heard it be included to fulfill it?

Question
According to Halacha, is it prohibited to learn Aleph Beit during aveilut (or Tisha b’av which has mourning prohibitions)? Or no, is it not considered Talmud Torah and therefor permitted?

Question
According to Halacha, if you make besamim at Havdalah on plants from a budding fruit tree in Nissan, which blessing comes first, Birkat Ha’ilonot, or besamim? Does the principle of Tadir play a role here, and besamim is more common than Birkat Ha’ilonot so it’s recited first?

Question
When it comes to besamim at havdalah a) can it be recited over besamim which are still on the plants themselves on the ground b) can they be “pagum” like wine when used, if so can they be un pagumed like you can add wine to a kiddush cup

Question
By Halacha, is Lashon harah about noahides prohibited? I ask partially since I recently saw two older (jewish) individuals who I recall face to face confronted (aggressively) a young gentile who tried wearing a kittel to a Yom Kippur service I attended (he apparently had permission from the rabbi of the shul, so they were offended and I believe gossiped until they forced him to take it off lest he be kicked out), was such behavior against Halacha?

Question
As follow up, I thought for havdalah drink and the drink for Saturday kiddush, a chamar Medina (such as etrog liqueur) is permitted (not for Friday evening shabbat). Secondly, is the principle of using a mitzvah object for another mitzvah an optional mitzvah, a chiyuv, or merely a minhag?

Question
The Talmud/gemara in I believe Shabbat 117b states you should use something for a mitzvah for another mitzvah. Would using leftover etrogim from Sukkot to make wine for kiddush and havdalah fall under this category?